Technetium (Tc) is an artificial element that is not found in nature. It is a member of the transition metals group and holds the atomic number 43. Technetium was the first element to be made synthetically in 1937, and is one of the few elements to be made in a laboratory.
Technetium has a wide variety of uses from medical imaging to industrial manufacturing and even outer space exploration.
What is Technetium?
The origin of the name Technetium is derived from the Greek word “technetos” meaning “artificial”, which is fitting as it is an artificially created element. Technetium has a number of common uses, most notably it is used for medical imaging and diagnosis due to its unique properties.
Technetium has an atomic number of 43 and an atomic weight of 98. It is a silvery-gray metal with a melting point of 2430 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of 4500 degrees Celsius. It is one of the few elements that is paramagnetic, meaning it can be attracted to a magnetic field. Its chemical properties make it highly reactive and it will react with all nonmetallic elements.
Technetium is commonly used in medicine for imaging and diagnosis. It is most often administered intravenously and can be used to detect and diagnose cancer, heart disease, and other medical conditions. Technetium can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of some treatments and to trace the movement of other radioactive elements in the body. Technetium has many other diagnostic applications such as bone scans and imaging the brain and other organs.
It is also important to note the safety protocols surrounding the use of technetium. It is classified as a hazardous material and must be handled with extreme care. Technetium is only administered in medical settings that have been approved by the government and are equipped with the necessary safety protocols. Additionally, technetium must be disposed of properly by a licensed medical waste disposal company.
Properties of Technetium
Technetium (Tc) is a chemical element with the atomic number of 43 and the atomic weight of 98. It is a silver-gray, radioactive metal and is one of the few elements that has no stable isotopes. Technetium is the lightest element to be produced artificially and is also the lowest atomic number element without any stable isotopes.
Atomic Number: Technetium's atomic number is 43, placing it in group seven of the periodic table. It is located in period five and has an atomic weight of 98. It is a member of the transition metals and is part of the 7th period of the periodic table.
Atomic Weight: Technetium's atomic weight is 98. Its atomic radius is 1.89 angstroms and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s2 4d5.
Physical Properties: Technetium is a silvery-gray metal with a melting point of 2430 degrees Celsius. It has a density of 11.49 g/cm3 and a boiling point of 4900 degrees Celsius. It is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Chemical Properties: Technetium exhibits chemical properties similar to that of rhenium. In terms of reactivity, it is a non-oxidizing metal and is a relatively good conductor of electricity. Additionally, it is a relatively unreactive metal, forming few compounds and tending to form nitride and carbide compounds.
Technetium is used in a variety of applications, from medical imaging to industrial manufacturing. It is an important element in the medical profession, engineering, and research and development. In this section, we’ll take a closer look at the various roles that technetium plays in our world.
Technetium in Medicine
Technetium (Tc) is a chemical element found in the periodic table that has become increasingly important in medical applications. First discovered by Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè in 1937, technetium has since been used in a variety of medical procedures, from diagnostic imaging to therapeutic treatments.
Technetium is used for imaging in a variety of medical procedures. It can be used as part of a nuclear medicine scan, either as a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan or as a positron emission tomography (PET) scan. Technetium-99m is also commonly used to detect tumors, evaluate organ function, and diagnose cardiovascular conditions.
In addition to imaging, technetium has various applications in therapeutic treatments. It is used in targeted radiotherapy to treat certain types of cancer, such as prostate and breast cancer, as well as thyroid cancer. Radioactive technetium can also be used to provide localized treatment for tumors that are too deep for external radiation therapy.
In order to safely handle technetium for medical applications, strict safety protocols must be observed. Technetium is highly toxic, and must be handled with extreme care and caution. Technetium must be handled in a specialized facility with protective gear, and must be kept away from children and pregnant women.
Overall, technetium has become an important element in the medical field. Its imaging capabilities help to diagnose and treat various medical conditions, while its safety protocols ensure that it is handled with the utmost care. As medical research advances, technetium will continue to play an important role in the medical field.
Technetium in Industry
Technetium is essential for industrial production and manufacturing. Its utility lies in its unique properties that enable it to be used in a variety of products. Technetium is particularly useful in production due to its ability to be used in quality control and alloys.
First, technetium provides an important part of quality control processes, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries. For example, technetium has been used for x-ray testing of aircraft components to detect any possible defects. This ensures that all finished products are safe for their intended use.
Second, technetium is used in the alloying process. Alloys are combinations of two or more metals or non-metals that are designed to have specific properties and abilities. Technetium is ideal for use in alloys because its presence can create a low coefficient of friction between components, making them easier to use and more reliable.
Third, technetium is used in the automotive industry to reduce emissions and improve engine performance. Technetium is added to gasoline to increase its octane rating and reduce engine knocking. Additionally, technetium is a catalyst in the catalytic converters used in vehicles today, helping to reduce the amount of harmful pollutants released into the air.
Fourth, technetium is used in the production of batteries. Technetium helps to ensure that the battery is able to hold a charge for a longer period of time without losing power. Batteries with technetium are also more reliable and safer to use because its presence helps to reduce the risk of a battery failure.
Finally, technetium is used in the production of nuclear fuel. Technetium-99 is the most common form of technetium used in nuclear energy, and it is essential for nuclear reactors to function. Technetium-99 helps to control the chain reaction that is necessary for nuclear reactors to produce power.
Overall, technetium is an essential component of industrial production and manufacturing. Its unique properties makes it useful for quality control, alloys, emissions reduction, battery production, and nuclear fuel. Thanks to its wide variety of applications, technetium is an important part of modern manufacturing processes.
Technetium in Research and Development
Technetium has extensive and important applications in research and development. Its unique properties make it a useful tool for a variety of projects, ranging from nuclear power to radioactive waste management.
Nuclear Power:
Technetium is a key component of nuclear power. It is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors to create energy. Technetium-99 (Tc-99) is the most commonly used form of technetium in nuclear power plants, as it has the greatest potential for energy generation. The process of generating energy from technetium-99 involves splitting the atom of Tc-99 and releasing energy in the form of heat. Technetium-99 is known to be more efficient than other forms of energy generation, and is also considered to be a safe and clean form of energy.
Radioactive Waste:
Technetium also plays an important role in the management of radioactive waste. Technetium-99 is one of the most commonly found radioactive elements in nuclear waste, due to its use as a fuel in nuclear reactors. As a result, technetium has been used extensively in the development of specialized storage facilities and waste disposal systems for the storage and disposal of radioactive waste. These facilities and systems are designed to safely contain and store radioactive waste, minimizing the risk of radiation exposure.
Nuclear Weapons:
Technetium also has the potential to be used in the development of nuclear weapons. Tc-99 is a key component in the production of plutonium, a key ingredient used in the production of nuclear weapons. The presence of technetium in plutonium can help to increase the efficiency of the production process, making it easier to produce plutonium-based nuclear weapons.
Despite the potential for technetium to be used in the production of nuclear weapons, it is important to note that there are stringent safety protocols in place to ensure that the use of technetium in these applications is kept to a minimum. Additionally, it is important to note that technetium is not a key component in nuclear weapons themselves, and therefore its use in the production of nuclear weapons is strictly regulated.
Technetium in Space
Astronomical applications of technetium have been known for years, albeit on a relatively small scale. Technetium is a naturally occurring element, and it is present in certain stars at very low levels. The first detection of technetium in the atmosphere of a star was made in 1953, and since then, its presence has been confirmed in over 100 stars.
The presence of technetium in stars is an indication of the element's high temperatures and low ionization potential. This means that stars containing technetium are older and have gone through a cooling process — a process that is not yet fully understood. Despite this lack of detailed knowledge, the presence of technetium in stars is an indicator of their age, which can be useful for astronomical research.
Metallic technetium is one of the most stable forms of technetium, and it has been detected in some stars. This form of technetium is formed in a process known as core collapse, and its presence is an indication of a star's age and the type of star it is.
Rare isotopes of technetium are also known to exist in some stars. These isotopes are important in understanding the origin of technetium, as well as its chemical behavior in space. One such isotope is technetium-97, which is one of the few isotopes known to exist in interstellar space. Its presence is an indication of the star's life cycle, and it can also be used to calculate the rate at which the star is aging.
The presence of technetium in space is a unique phenomenon that has been studied for many years. It is an important indicator of a star's age and properties, and it can be used to help understand the evolution of stars. Technetium is also a key element for understanding the chemical behavior of interstellar matter. Its presence in stars is evidence of its high temperatures and low ionization potential, characteristics which make it an important component of space research.
Conclusion
Technetium is an incredibly versatile element with a plethora of applications across a number of fields. It can be used for imaging in medicine, enhancing products in everyday life, and improving industry manufacturing processes. It is also a powerful component of nuclear power plants and research and development of nuclear weapons. Finally, it has astronomical implications, making it a vital part of the exploration of space.
When taken as a whole, it is clear that Technetium has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach a number of different industries. Its versatility and malleability mean it can be used in a variety of ways, from providing essential diagnostic tools in medicine to powering the exploration of space.
However, it is important to remember that Technetium is still a relatively rare element and effective management of it is vital. Careful monitoring of its usage and production is required to ensure its longevity. It is also important to remember that Technetium can be hazardous if not handled correctly, so all safety protocols should be strictly adhered to when using it.
Though more research is required to fully explore the potential of Technetium, it is already proving to be an invaluable element. Its malleability and multiple applications make it a powerful tool for a variety of industries, from medicine to space exploration. Its potential is only just beginning to be harnessed, and it is likely that its usage will expand in the near future.
The exploration of Technetium is an exciting one and its potential should not be underestimated. With further research and careful management, it could become a major asset across a range of industries, from medicine to space exploration. The possibilities are endless and its future is bright.
Facts
Technetium is a chemical element with the symbol Tc
Its atomic number is 43.
Technetium is a silvery-gray radioactive metal with an appearance similar to platinum
It is the lightest element whose isotopes are all radioactive.
All available technetium is produced as a synthetic element
technetium gets its name, from the Greek for “artificial.”
Technetium is located in the seventh group of the periodic table, between rhenium and manganese
Astronomers have since detected technetium's spectral signature in a number of stars.
The most stable radioactive isotopes are technetium-97 with a half-life of 4.21 million years, technetium-98 with 4.2 million years, and technetium-99 with 211,100 years
Thirty other radioisotopes have been characterized with mass numbers ranging from 85 to 118
Technetium occurs naturally in the Earth's crust in minute concentrations of about 0.003 parts per trillion
Technetium plays no natural biological role and is not normally found in the human body
For every kilogram of uranium, there is a predicted one nanogram of technetium.
Official credit for the discovery goes to Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè, at the University of Palermo in Sicily.
The primary use of technetium is for nuclear medicine.
Technetium tarnishes in moist air.
Powdered technetium burns in oxygen.
Data
| Technetium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Pronunciation | tek-NEE-sh(ee-)əm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | shiny gray metal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mass number | [97] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technetium in the periodic table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic number (Z) | 43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group | group 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period | period 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Block | d-block | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d5 5s2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phase at STP | solid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 2430 K (2157 °C, 3915 °F) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 4538 K (4265 °C, 7709 °F) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (near r.t.) | 11 g/cm3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 33.29 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 585.2 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar heat capacity | 24.27 J/(mol·K) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure (extrapolated)
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| Atomic properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | −3, −1, 0, +1,[1] +2, +3,[1] +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies |
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 136 pm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 147±7 pm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Van der Waals radius | 205 pm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural occurrence | from decay | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Speed of sound thin rod | 16,200 m/s (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal expansion | 7.1 µm/(m⋅K) (at r.t.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 50.6 W/(m⋅K) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical resistivity | 200 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | Paramagnetic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | +270.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS Number | 7440-26-8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prediction | Dmitri Mendeleev (1871) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discovery and first isolation | Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perrier (1937) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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